I reproduces your situation now. It seems related to your configuration (1:1 relation on a UC field, and the way you are adding the entity). I traced all the framework sourcecode to find the reason, but it seems difficult to explain in detail. What I can tell you is that the workaround posted above should work. This also should do the trick:
myAccountEntity.Customer.CustomerParameters.Add(myCPEntity);
myAccountEntity.AlreadyFetchedCustomer = true;
The thing is that the entity is added to the collection, but the customer property is marked as "not fetched", so inverting this avoid the customer to be fetched again (in the line where you ask for the Count property).
I know is not the ideal solution you are looking for, however in SelfServicing we must be aware of this kind of things so no extra queries be executed, etc. (ref...)