Hi,
you can build custom predicates for in memory filtering, which are not directly based on entity fields (see "Using entityviews with entity collections - Filtering using multiple predicates" in the manual).
The index in collection should be available through the ParentCollection property but it is internal so you can't make up your custom property descriptor out of it.
If you're wishing to edit and rebuild the core, then there should be a solution, but I think it's a bit overkill.
You might have a simpler way to convert your indexing constraint in a regular filter, or simply use walaa's suggestion.