Generated code - Fetching DataReaders and projections, SelfServicing
Preface
LLBLGen Pro v2 introduces two new ways of fetching a resultset: as an open IDataReader object and as a
projection. This section discusses both and
illustrates both with a couple of examples, either using a stored procedure or a query build using entity fields. Fetching a resultset as an open IDataReader
is considered an advanced feature and should be used with care: an open IDataReader object represents an open cursor to data on a connected RDBMS over an open
connection. This means that passing the IDataReader around in your application is not recommended. Instead use the IDataReader in the routine you also called the
fetch logic to create it and immediately after that make sure the IDataReader gets closed and disposed. This way you're sure you'll free up resources early.
To understand projections better, it's recommended to first read the section about fetching an open IDataReader. Another section describing projections, but then
related to an entity view object, is
Generated code - using the EntityView class.
Fetching a resultset as an open IDataReader
To fetch a resultset as an open IDataReader, you call one of the overloads of
GetAsDataReader, a method of the class
TypedListDAO. There are two ways to
use the GetAsDataReader method: by supplying a ready to use IRetrievalQuery or by specifying a fields list, and various other elements which are required for
creating a new query by the Dynamic Query Engine (DQE). The first option, the IRetrievalQuery option, can be used to fetch a retrieval stored procedure
as an open IDataReader, by using the RetrievalProcedures.Get
StoredProcedureNameCallAsQuery() method of the particular stored procedure call. This is a
generated method, one for every retrieval stored procedure call known in the LLBLGen Pro project.
GetAsDataReader accepts also a parameter called
CommandBehavior. This parameter is very important as it controls
the behavior the datareader should perform when the datareader is closed. It's required to specify a behavior different than CloseConnection if the fetch is
inside a transaction and the connection has to stay open after the datareader has been closed. On SelfServicing, it's especially recommended to set CommandBehavior
to CloseConnection, as closing the connection can be a little problematic, because it's abstracted away from you.
It's recommended to familiar yourself with the various overloads of the GetAsDataReader method using the LLBLGen Pro reference manual. The method is defined on
DaoBase, the base class of the TypedListDAO class.
It's possible to construct your own IRetrievalQuery object with your own SQL, by instantiating a new RetrievalQuery object. However in general, it's recommended
to use the GetAsDataReader overloads which accept a fieldslist and other elements and let LLBLGen Pro generate the query for you.
Fetching a Retrieval Stored Procedure as an IDataReader
An example of calling a procedure and receive a datareader from it is enlisted below. It calls the Northwind stored procedure
CustOrdersOrders which
returns a single resultset with 4 fields. The example simply prints the output on the console.
The VB.NET example uses a try / finally block as VB.NET for .NET 1.x doesn't support the Using statement. Users of VB.NET for .NET 2.0 can replace the try/finally
block with the new Using statement as illustrated in the C# example.
// C#
TypedListDAO dao = new TypedListDAO();
IDataReader reader = dao.GetAsDataReader(null,
RetrievalProcedures.GetCustOrdersOrdersCallAsQuery( "CHOPS" ), CommandBehavior.CloseConnection );
while( reader.Read() )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Row: {0} | {1} | {2} | {3} |",
reader.GetValue( 0 ), reader.GetValue( 1 ), reader.GetValue( 2 ), reader.GetValue( 3 ) );
}
reader.Close();
' VB.NET
Dim dao As New TypedListDAO()
Dim reader As IDataReader = dao.GetAsDataReader(Nothing, _
RetrievalProcedures.GetCustOrdersOrdersCallAsQuery( "CHOPS" ), CommandBehavior.CloseConnection )
While reader.Read()
Console.WriteLine( "Row: {0} | {1} | {2} | {3} |", _
reader.GetValue( 0 ), reader.GetValue( 1 ), reader.GetValue( 2 ), reader.GetValue( 3 ) )
End While
reader.Close()
Fetching a Dynamic List as an IDataReader
An example of a dynamic list which is used to receive a datareader from it is enlisted below. The example simply prints the output on the console.
// C#
ResultsetFields fields = new ResultsetFields( 3 );
// simply set the fields in the indexes, which will use the field name for the column name
fields[0] = CustomerFields.CustomerId;
fields[1] = CustomerFields.CompanyName;
fields[2] = OrderFields.OrderId;
PredicateExpression filter = new PredicateExpression( CustomerFields.Country == "Germany" );
RelationCollection relations = new RelationCollection();
relations.Add( CustomerEntity.Relations.OrderEntityUsingCustomerId );
TypedListDAO dao = new TypedListDAO();
IDataReader reader = dao.GetAsDataReader( null, fields, filter, relations, CommandBehavior.CloseConnection, 0, true );
while( reader.Read() )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Row: {0} | {1} | {2} |",
reader.GetValue( 0 ), reader.GetValue( 1 ), reader.GetValue( 2 ) );
}
reader.Close();
' VB.NET
Dim fields As New ResultsetFields( 3 )
' simply set the fields in the indexes, which will use the field name for the column name
fields(0) = CustomerFields.CustomerId
fields(1) = CustomerFields.CompanyName
fields(2) = OrderFields.OrderId
Dim filter As New PredicateExpression()
filter.Add( _
New FieldCompareValuePredicate(CustomerFields.Country, ComparisionOperator.Equal, "Germany"))
Dim relations As New RelationCollection()
relations.Add(CustomerEntity.Relations.OrderEntityUsingCustomerId)
Dim dao As New TypedListDAO()
Dim reader As IDataReader = dao.GetAsDataReader( Nothing, fields, filter, relations, CommandBehavior.CloseConnection, 0, True )
While reader.Read()
Console.WriteLine( "Row: {0} | {1} | {2} |", _
reader.GetValue( 0 ), reader.GetValue( 1 ), reader.GetValue( 2 ) )
End While
reader.Close()
Resultset projections
In the previous section we've seen that a query could be fetched as an open IDataReader, where the query could be an IRetrievalQuery object containing a stored
procedure call, or a dynamic formulated query from fields, a filter and other elements you might want to use in the query. It is then up to you what to do with the
IDataReader. It's likely you'll
project the data available to you through the IDataReader object onto a data-structure.
Projecting a resultset is a
term from the relational algebra, the Wikipedia has a formal explanation of it:
Projection (relational algebra) (opens in a new window).
It comes down to the fact that you create a new set of data from an existing set of data. The existing set of data is the resultset you want to project. The new
set is the projection result.
LLBLGen Pro offers two different projection mechanisms: projecting an EntityView (see:
Generated code - using the EntityView class)
and projecting a fetched resultset, which is discussed here. Both mechanisms are roughly the same, only the source data origin differs and the used interface implemented
by the used projection engine. The projections of entity view data are a little more advanced because it's possible to execute in-memory filters on the entity
object itself to make a selection which field to project. This means that the projector objects, as discussed in the EntityView Projection documentation, are
both implementing the IDataValueProjector, but the projector objects used for EntityView projections also implement the interface derived from IDataValueProjector,
IEntityPropertyProjector. For projections of EntityView data, EntityPropertyProjector objects are used, for projections of resultset data, the more simpler
DataValueProjector objects are used. Their meaning is roughly the same, so if you're familiar with EntityView projections, you'll directly understand the
examples below using DataValueProjector objects. As the projection engine interfaces required for both mechanisms are fairly similar, the
shipped projection engines thereby can be used for both mechanisms.
Resultset projections are done by an
IGeneralDataProjector implementation. IGeneralDataProjector allows an object[] array of values to be projected onto new
instances of whatever class is supported by the IGeneralDataProjector implementation, for example new entities or a DataRow in a DataTable.
Which values in the object[] array are projected onto which properties of the target element, created by the IGeneralDataProjector implementation, is specified
by the specified set of IDataValueProjector implementations passed in. In the following examples you'll see the usage of the projection engines is similar to
the usage of the projection engines in the EntityView projection examples.
In SelfServicing, the TypedListDAO class, available in the DaoClasses namespace of the generated code, has a method called
GetAsProjection with
various overloads. This method produces the projection of the resultset
defined by the input parameters (similar to the GetAsDataReader method) or the resultset passed in in the form of an open IDataReader object.
By which projection engine the projection is performed as well which data is projected is passed in as well.
GetAsProjection doesn't return a value, the result is in the projection engine object. This method has similar overloads as GetAsDataReader, though it
doesn't accept a commandbehavior: if a connection is open, it leaves it open, if no connection is open, it creates one and closes
one afterwards.
Projecting Stored Procedure resultset onto entity collection
For this stored procedure projection example, the following stored proecdure is used:
CREATE procedure pr_CustomersAndOrdersOnCountry
@country VARCHAR(50)
AS
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country = @country
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID IN
(
SELECT CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE Country = @country
)
which is a SqlServer stored procedure and which returns 2 resultsets: the first is all customers filtered on a given Country, and the
second is all orders of those filtered customers.
The stored procedure is fetched as an open IDataReader and both resultsets are projected onto entity collections: the first resultset on a CustomerCollection
object and the second on an OrderCollection object. The stored procedure uses a wildcard select list. This is
for simplicity. The code below is written using .NET 1.x for clarity. .NET 2.0 users are encouraged to use the generic variants of the discussed classes instead, as
discussed also in
Generated code - using the EntityView class.
// C#
CustomerCollection customers = new CustomerCollection();
OrderCollection orders = new OrderCollection();
using( IRetrievalQuery query = RetrievalProcedures.GetCustomersAndOrdersOnCountryCallAsQuery( "Germany" ) )
{
TypedListDAO dao = new TypedListDAO();
using( IDataReader reader = dao.GetAsDataReader(null, query, CommandBehavior.CloseConnection ) )
{
// first resultset: Customers.
List<IDataValueProjector> valueProjectors = new List<IDataValueProjector>();
// project value on index 0 in resultset row onto customerid
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( CustomerFieldIndex.CustomerId.ToString(), 0, typeof( string ) ) );
// project value on index 1 in resultset row onto companyname
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( CustomerFieldIndex.CompanyName.ToString(), 1, typeof( string ) ) );
// resultset contains more rows, we just project those 2. The rest is trivial.
DataProjectorToIEntityCollection projector = new DataProjectorToIEntityCollection( customers );
dao.GetAsProjection( valueProjectors, projector, reader );
// second resultset: Orders.
valueProjectors = new List<IDataValueProjector>();
//valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( OrderFieldIndex.OrderId.ToString(), 0, typeof( int ) ) );
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( OrderFieldIndex.CustomerId.ToString(), 1, typeof( string ) ) );
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( OrderFieldIndex.OrderDate.ToString(), 3, typeof( DateTime ) ) );
// switch to the next resultset in the datareader
reader.NextResult();
projector = new DataProjectorToIEntityCollection( orders );
dao.GetAsProjection( valueProjectors, projector, reader );
reader.Close();
}
}
' VB.NET
Dim customers As New CustomerCollection()
Dim orders As New OrderCollection()
Dim query As IRetrievalQuery = RetrievalProcedures.GetCustomersAndOrdersOnCountryCallAsQuery( "Germany" )
Try
Dim dao As New TypedListDAO()
Dim reader As IDataReader = dao.GetAsDataReader(Nothing, query, CommandBehavior.CloseConnection )
Try
' first resultset: Customers.
Dim valueProjectors As New ArrayList()
' project value on index 0 in resultset row onto CustomerId
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( CustomerFieldIndex.CustomerId.ToString(), 0, GetType( Sring ) ) )
' project value on index 1 in resultset row onto CompanyName
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( CustomerFieldIndex.CompanyName.ToString(), 1, GetType( String ) ) )
' resultset contains more rows, we just project those 2. The rest is trivial.
Dim projector As New DataProjectorToIEntityCollection2( customers )
dao.GetAsProjection( valueProjectors, projector, reader )
' second resultset: Orders.
valueProjectors = New ArrayList()
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( OrderFieldIndex.OrderId.ToString(), 0, GetType( Integer ) ) )
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( OrderFieldIndex.CustomerId.ToString(), 1, GetType( String ) ) )
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( OrderFieldIndex.OrderDate.ToString(), 3, GetType( DateTime ) ) )
' switch to the next resultset in the datareader
reader.NextResult()
projector = New DataProjectorToIEntityCollection2( orders )
dao.GetAsProjection( valueProjectors, projector, reader )
reader.Close()
Finally
reader.Dispose()
End Try
Finally
' Not really necessary for SqlServer, but is required on Oracle, so it's mentioned here
' for completeness.
query.Dispose()
End Try
Projecting Dynamic List resultset onto custom classes
We can go one step further and create a fetch of a dynamic list and fill a list of custom class instances, for example for transportation by a Webservice and
you want lightweight Data Transfer Objects (DTO). The projecting a resultset onto custom classes is .NET 2.0 only, as the projection engine uses generics.
Of course, you can write your own implementation of IGeneralDataProjector which performs class instantiation and property setting using reflection on .NET 1.x
- C#, .NET 2.0
- VB.NET, .NET 2.0
// C#, .NET 2.0
List<CustomCustomer> customClasses = new List<CustomCustomer>();
ResultsetFields fields = new ResultsetFields( 4 );
fields[0] = CustomerFields.City;
fields[1] = CustomerFields.CompanyName;
fields[2] = CustomerFields.CustomerId;
fields[3] = CustomerFields.Country;
DataProjectorToCustomClass<CustomCustomer> projector =
new DataProjectorToCustomClass<CustomCustomer>( customClasses );
// Define the projections of the fields.
List<IDataValueProjector> valueProjectors = new List<IDataValueProjector>();
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( "City", 0, typeof( string ) ) );
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( "CompanyName", 1, typeof( string ) ) );
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( "CustomerID", 2, typeof( string ) ) );
valueProjectors.Add( new DataValueProjector( "Country", 3, typeof( string ) ) );
// perform the fetch combined with the projection.
TypedListDAO dao = new TypedListDAO();
dao.GetAsProjection( valueProjectors, projector, null, fields, null, null, 0, null, true );
' VB.NET .NET 2.0
Dim customClasses As New List(Of CustomCustomer)()
Dim fields As New ResultsetFields( 4 )
fields(0) = CustomerFields.City
fields(1) = CustomerFields.CompanyName
fields(2) = CustomerFields.CustomerId
fields(3) = CustomerFields.Country
Dim projector As New DataProjectorToCustomClass(Of CustomCustomer)( customClasses )
' Define the projections of the fields.
Dim valueProjectors As New List(Of IDataValueProjector)()
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( "City", 0, GetType( String ) ) )
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( "CompanyName", 1, GetType( String ) ) )
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( "CustomerID", 2, GetType( String ) ) )
valueProjectors.Add( New DataValueProjector( "Country", 3, GetType( String ) ) )
' perform the fetch combined with the projection.
Dim dao As New TypedListDAO()
dao.GetAsProjection( valueProjectors, projector, Nothing, fields, Nothing, Nothing, 0, Nothing, true )
Where the custom class is:
public class CustomCustomer
{
#region Class Member Declarations
private string _customerID, _companyName, _city, _country;
#endregion
public CustomCustomer()
{
_city = string.Empty;
_companyName = string.Empty;
_customerID = string.Empty;
_country = string.Empty;
}
#region Class Property Declarations
public string CustomerID
{
get { return _customerID; }
set { _customerID = value; }
}
public string City
{
get { return _city; }
set { _city = value; }
}
public string CompanyName
{
get { return _companyName; }
set { _companyName = value; }
}
public string Country
{
get { return _country; }
set { _country = value; }
}
#endregion
}